本教程使用 XML。请注意,该库并非专门绑定到 XML,而是可以使用任何其他支持的格式(例如 INI 或 JSON)。选择 XML 是因为作者认为很多人都熟悉它。
假设我们正在为某个应用程序编写日志系统,并且需要在程序启动时从文件中读取日志配置。包含日志配置的文件如下所示:
<debug> <filename>debug.log</filename> <modules> <module>Finance</module> <module>Admin</module> <module>HR</module> </modules> <level>2</level> </debug>
它包含日志文件名、启用日志记录的模块列表以及调试级别值。
首先我们需要一些包含文件
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp> #include <boost/property_tree/xml_parser.hpp> #include <boost/foreach.hpp> #include <string> #include <set> #include <exception> #include <iostream> namespace pt = boost::property_tree;
为了将日志配置存储在程序中,我们创建一个 debug_settings 结构
struct debug_settings { std::string m_file; // log filename int m_level; // debug level std::set<std::string> m_modules; // modules where logging is enabled void load(const std::string &filename); void save(const std::string &filename); };
现在需要做的就是编写 load() 和 save() 成员函数的实现。让我们首先处理 load()。它只包含 7 行代码,但它完成了所有必要的事情,包括错误报告
void debug_settings::load(const std::string &filename) { // Create empty property tree object pt::ptree tree; // Parse the XML into the property tree. pt::read_xml(filename, tree); // Use the throwing version of get to find the debug filename. // If the path cannot be resolved, an exception is thrown. m_file = tree.get<std::string>("debug.filename"); // Use the default-value version of get to find the debug level. // Note that the default value is used to deduce the target type. m_level = tree.get("debug.level", 0); // Use get_child to find the node containing the modules, and iterate over // its children. If the path cannot be resolved, get_child throws. // A C++11 for-range loop would also work. BOOST_FOREACH(pt::ptree::value_type &v, tree.get_child("debug.modules")) { // The data function is used to access the data stored in a node. m_modules.insert(v.second.data()); } }
现在是 save() 函数。它也是 7 行代码
void debug_settings::save(const std::string &filename) { // Create an empty property tree object. pt::ptree tree; // Put the simple values into the tree. The integer is automatically // converted to a string. Note that the "debug" node is automatically // created if it doesn't exist. tree.put("debug.filename", m_file); tree.put("debug.level", m_level); // Add all the modules. Unlike put, which overwrites existing nodes, add // adds a new node at the lowest level, so the "modules" node will have // multiple "module" children. BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, m_modules) tree.add("debug.modules.module", name); // Write property tree to XML file pt::write_xml(filename, tree); }
完整的程序 debug_settings.cpp 包含在 examples 目录中。